theano
中提供了两种条件语句,ifelse
和 switch
,两者都是用于在符号变量上使用条件语句:
ifelse(condition, var1, var2)
condition
为 true
,返回 var1
,否则返回 var2
switch(tensor, var1, var2)
ifelse
操作,更一般化switch
会计算两个输出,而 ifelse
只会根据给定的条件,计算相应的输出。ifelse
需要从 theano.ifelse
中导入,而 switch
在 theano.tensor
模块中。
import theano, time
import theano.tensor as T
import numpy as np
from theano.ifelse import ifelse
假设我们有两个标量参数:$a, b$,和两个矩阵 $\mathbf{x, y}$,定义函数为:
$$ \mathbf z = f(a, b,\mathbf{x, y}) = \left\{ \begin{aligned} \mathbf x & ,\ a <= b\\ \mathbf y & ,\ a > b \end{aligned} \right. $$定义变量:
a, b = T.scalars('a', 'b')
x, y = T.matrices('x', 'y')
用 ifelse
构造,小于等于用 T.lt()
,大于等于用 T.gt()
:
z_ifelse = ifelse(T.lt(a, b), x, y)
f_ifelse = theano.function([a, b, x, y], z_ifelse)
用 switch
构造:
z_switch = T.switch(T.lt(a, b), x, y)
f_switch = theano.function([a, b, x, y], z_switch)
测试数据:
val1 = 0.
val2 = 1.
big_mat1 = np.ones((10000, 1000), dtype=theano.config.floatX)
big_mat2 = np.ones((10000, 1000), dtype=theano.config.floatX)
比较两者的运行速度:
n_times = 10
tic = time.clock()
for i in xrange(n_times):
f_switch(val1, val2, big_mat1, big_mat2)
print 'time spent evaluating both values %f sec' % (time.clock() - tic)
tic = time.clock()
for i in xrange(n_times):
f_ifelse(val1, val2, big_mat1, big_mat2)
print 'time spent evaluating one value %f sec' % (time.clock() - tic)